Criminal law is a branch of law that defines and governs crimes, prescribing punishments for those who commit offenses against the state or society. It aims to maintain order, protect individuals, and uphold justice by deterring and addressing unlawful activities. Criminal offenses typically fall into categories such as felonies, misdemeanors, and infractions, each varying in severity and legal consequences.

Felonies, such as murder, robbery, and drug trafficking, are serious crimes that carry significant penalties, including long-term imprisonment or even the death penalty in certain jurisdictions. Misdemeanors, like petty theft or vandalism, involve less severe punishments, often including fines or short-term incarceration. Infractions, such as traffic violations, usually result in fines without imprisonment.

Key components of criminal law include the presumption of innocence, the burden of proof on the prosecution, and the defendant’s right to a fair trial. Legal proceedings involve various stages, including investigation, arrest, arraignment, trial, and sentencing.

Criminal law serves to protect society by deterring criminal behavior, rehabilitating offenders, and ensuring justice for victims. It operates under established statutes and precedents, with lawyers, judges, and law enforcement playing pivotal roles in its enforcement and administration.